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Which Of These Traits Arose First (Earliest) In Animal Evolution?

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Current scientific theory outlining the major events during the development of life

This article is about the evolution of all life on Earth. For more detailed and comprehensive coverage, see evolutionary history of life.

The timeline of the evolutionary history of life represents the current scientific theory outlining the major events during the evolution of life on planet Globe. Dates in this article are consensus estimates based on scientific evidence, mainly fossils.

In biology, development is whatever change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. Evolutionary processes requite ascent to diversity at every level of biological organization, from kingdoms to species, and individual organisms and molecules, such as Deoxyribonucleic acid and proteins. The similarities between all nowadays day organisms imply a mutual antecedent from which all known species, living and extinct, take diverged. More than 99 percent of all species that ever lived (over five billion)[1] are estimated to be extinct.[2] [3] Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from x 1000000 to fourteen 1000000,[4] with most 1.two meg or 14% documented, the balance non even so described.[5] Notwithstanding, a 2016 written report estimates an boosted one trillion microbial species, with only 0.001% described.[six]

At that place has been controversy between more traditional views of steadily increasing biodiversity, and a newer view of cycles of anything and diversification, and then that certain by times, such as the Cambrian explosion, experienced maximums of diversity followed past sharp winnowing.[7] [8]

Extinction [edit]

Visual representation of the history of life on Globe every bit a spiral

Species go extinct constantly as environments change, as organisms compete for environmental niches, and as genetic mutation leads to the ascension of new species from older ones. At long irregular intervals, Globe'south biosphere suffers a catastrophic dice-off, a mass extinction,[9] often comprising an accumulation of smaller extinction events over a relatively brief period.[10]

The first known mass extinction was the Dandy Oxidation Event 2.4 billion years ago, which killed almost of the planet'southward obligate anaerobes. Researchers have identified five other major extinction events in Earth'south history, with estimated losses beneath:[11]

  • Stop Ordovician: 440 one thousand thousand years ago, 86% of all species lost, including graptolites
  • Tardily Devonian: 375 million years agone, 75% of species lost, including most trilobites
  • End Permian, The Swell Dying: 251 1000000 years ago, 96% of species lost, including tabulate corals, and nearly copse and synapsids
  • End Triassic: 200 one thousand thousand years ago, 80% of species lost, including all conodonts
  • End Cretaceous: 66 one thousand thousand years ago, 76% of species lost, including all ammonites, mosasaurs, ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, pterosaurs, and nonavian dinosaurs

Smaller extinction events have occurred in the periods betwixt, with some dividing geologic fourth dimension periods and epochs. The Holocene extinction event is currently under fashion.[12]

Factors in mass extinctions include continental drift, changes in atmospheric and marine chemistry, volcanism and other aspects of mount formation, changes in glaciation, changes in body of water level, and impact events.[x]

Detailed timeline [edit]

In this timeline, Ma (for megaannum) means "one thousand thousand years ago," ka (for kiloannum) means "thousand years ago," and ya means "years ago."

Hadean Eon [edit]

4600 Ma – 4000 Ma

Date Issue
4600 Ma Planet Earth forms from the accession disc revolving effectually the immature Lord's day, perhaps preceded by formation of organic compounds necessary for life in the surrounding protoplanetary disk of cosmic dust.[thirteen]
4500 Ma According to the giant bear upon hypothesis, the Moon originated when Earth and the hypothesized planet Theia collided, sending into orbit myriad moonlets which eventually coalesced into our unmarried Moon.[14] The Moon'southward gravitational pull stabilised Earth's fluctuating axis of rotation, setting up regular climatic conditions favoring abiogenesis.[15]
4400 Ma First liquid water on Earth.
4374 Ma Oldest known zircon crystals.
4280 Ma Earliest possible appearance of life on Globe.[16] [17] [18] [xix]

Archean Eon [edit]

4000 Ma – 2500 Ma

Date Event
4000 Ma Formation of a greenstone chugalug of the Acasta Gneiss of the Slave craton in northwest Canada - the oldest known rock chugalug.[20]
4100–3800 Ma Belatedly Heavy Bombardment (LHB): extended avalanche by meteoroids impacting the inner planets. Thermal flux from widespread hydrothermal activity during the LHB may have aided abiogenesis and life'due south early diversification.[21] Possible remains of biotic life were found in 4.1 billion-year-one-time rocks in Western Commonwealth of australia.[22] [23] Probable origin of life.
3900–2500 Ma Cells resembling prokaryotes announced.[24] These starting time organisms are believed[ by whom? ] to take been chemoautotrophs, using carbon dioxide every bit a carbon source and oxidizing inorganic materials to extract energy.
3800 Ma Formation of a greenstone chugalug of the Isua complex in western Greenland, whose isotope frequencies propose the presence of life.[twenty] The primeval prove for life on Earth includes: 3.eight billion-year-old biogenic hematite in a banded fe formation of the Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt in Canada;[25] graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks in western Greenland;[26] and microbial mat fossils in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone in Western Australia.[27] [28]
3500 Ma Last universal mutual ancestor (LUCA):[29] [30] split betwixt bacteria and archaea.[31]

Bacteria develop archaic photosynthesis, which at first did not produce oxygen.[32] These organisms exploiting a proton gradient to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a machinery used past nearly all subsequent organisms.[33] [34] [35]

3000 Ma Photosynthesizing cyanobacteria using h2o as a reducing agent and producing oxygen as a waste product.[36] Complimentary oxygen initially oxidizes dissolved fe in the oceans, creating iron ore. Oxygen concentration in the atmosphere slowly rises, poisoning many bacteria and eventually triggering the Great Oxygenation Event.
2800 Ma Oldest prove for microbial life on land in the course of organic matter-rich paleosols, imperceptible ponds and alluvial sequences, some bearing microfossils.[37]

Proterozoic Eon [edit]

2500 Ma – 539 Ma. Contains the Palaeoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic eras.

Engagement Event
2500 Ma Cracking Oxidation Event led by cyanobacteria's oxygenic photosynthesis.[36] Get-go of plate tectonics with erstwhile marine crust dense plenty to subduct.[20]
Past 1850 Ma Eukaryotic cells, containing membrane-bound organelles with various functions, probably derived from prokaryotes engulfing each other via phagocytosis. (See Symbiogenesis and Endosymbiont). Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) emerge before or soon after the difference of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages.[38] Blood-red beds show an oxidising atmosphere, favouring the spread of eukaryotic life.[39] [xl] [41]
1300 Ma Primeval land fungi[42]
By 1200 Ma Meiosis and sexual reproduction in single-celled eukaryotes, perchance even in the common antecedent of all eukaryotes[43] or in the RNA world.[44] Sexual reproduction may have increased the rate of evolution.[45]
By g Ma First non-marine eukaryotes motility onto land. They were photosynthetic and multicellular, indicating that plants evolved much earlier than originally thought.[46]
750 Ma First protozoa (ex: Melanocyrillium); first of animal evolution[47] [48]
720–630 Ma Possible global glaciation[49] [fifty] which increased the atmospheric oxygen and decreased carbon dioxide, and was either caused by state plant evolution[51] or resulted in information technology.[52] Opinion is divided on whether it increased or decreased biodiversity or the charge per unit of development.[53] [54] [55]
600 Ma Accumulation of atmospheric oxygen allows the formation of an ozone layer.[56] Previous state-based life would probably have required other chemicals to attenuate ultraviolet radiation.[37]
580–542 Ma Ediacara biota, the showtime large, complex aquatic multicellular organisms.[57]
580–500 Ma Cambrian explosion: virtually modern animal phyla appear.[58] [59]
550 Ma Ctenophora (comb jellies), Porifera (sponges), Anthozoa (corals and ocean anemones), Ikaria wariootia (an early on Bilaterian).

Phanerozoic Eon [edit]

Emergence of animals and plants

539 Ma – present

The Phanerozoic Eon (Greek: menstruation of well-displayed life) marks the appearance in the fossil record of arable, trounce-forming and/or trace-making organisms. It is subdivided into three eras, the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, with major mass extinctions at sectionalization points.

Palaeozoic Era [edit]

538.8 Ma – 251.nine Ma and contains the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian periods.

Ferns get-go appear in the fossil record most 360 one thousand thousand years ago in the tardily Devonian period.[62]

Engagement Effect
535 Ma Major diversification of living things in the oceans: arthropods (due east.thousand. trilobites, crustaceans), chordates, echinoderms, molluscs, brachiopods, foraminifers and radiolarians, etc.
530 Ma The showtime known footprints on state date to 530 Ma.[63]
525 Ma Earliest graptolites
511 Ma Primeval crustaceans
510 Ma Showtime cephalopods (nautiloids) and chitons
505 Ma Fossilization of the Burgess Shale
500 Ma Jellyfish have existed since at least this time.
485 Ma Starting time vertebrates with truthful bones (jawless fishes)
450 Ma First complete conodonts and echinoids appear
440 Ma Showtime agnathan fishes: Heterostraci, Galeaspida, and Pituriaspida
420 Ma Earliest ray-finned fishes, trigonotarbid arachnids, and state scorpions[64]
410 Ma Outset signs of teeth in fish. Primeval Nautilida, lycophytes, and trimerophytes.
395 Ma First lichens, stoneworts. Earliest harvestmen, mites, hexapods (springtails) and ammonoids. The first known tetrapod tracks on land.
365 Ma Acanthostega is ane of the earliest vertebrates capable of walking.
363 Ma By the start of the Carboniferous Period, the Earth begins to resemble its present land. Insects roamed the country and would soon take to the skies; sharks swam the oceans every bit top predators,[65] and vegetation covered the land, with seed-bearing plants and forests soon to flourish.

Four-limbed tetrapods gradually gain adaptations which will help them occupy a terrestrial life-habit.

360 Ma Beginning venereal and ferns. State flora dominated by seed ferns. The Xinhang forest grows effectually this time[66]
350 Ma Beginning large sharks, ratfishes, and hagfish; commencement crown tetrapods (with five digits and no fins and scales)
340 Ma Diversification of amphibians
330-320 Ma Kickoff amniote vertebrates (Paleothyris)
320 Ma Synapsids (precursors to mammals) divide from sauropsids (reptiles) in late Carboniferous.[67]
305 Ma The Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse occurs, causing a pocket-size extinction event, as well equally paving the way for amniotes to become ascendant over amphibians and seed plants over ferns and lycophytes.

Starting time diapsid reptiles (due east.g. Petrolacosaurus)

280 Ma Earliest beetles, seed plants and conifers diversify while lepidodendrids and sphenopsids decrease. Terrestrial temnospondyl amphibians and pelycosaurs (east.g. Dimetrodon) diversify in species.
275 Ma Therapsid synapsids dissever from pelycosaur synapsids
270 Ma Gorgonopsians appear in the fossil tape
251.ix-251.4 Ma The Permian–Triassic extinction consequence eliminates over 90-95% of marine species. Terrestrial organisms were non equally seriously affected as the marine biota. This "clearing of the slate" may have led to an ensuing diversification, but life on land took 30 million years to completely recover.[68]

Mesozoic Era [edit]

From 251.9 Ma to 66 Ma and containing the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

Engagement Event
250 Ma Mesozoic Marine Revolution begins: increasingly well adapted and diverse predators stress sessile marine groups; the "balance of power" in the oceans shifts dramatically as some groups of casualty adapt more than rapidly and effectively than others.
250 Ma Triadobatrachus massinoti is the primeval known frog
248 Ma Sturgeon and paddlefish (Acipenseridae) first appear.
245 Ma Primeval ichthyosaurs
240 Ma Increase in variety of cynodonts and rhynchosaurs
225 Ma Earliest dinosaurs (prosauropods), first cardiid bivalves, diversity in cycads, bennettitaleans, and conifers. First teleost fishes. First mammals (Adelobasileus).
220 Ma Seed-producing Gymnosperm forests dominate the land; herbivores grow to huge sizes to arrange the large guts necessary to digest the food-poor plants.[ citation needed ] First flies and turtles (Odontochelys). Offset coelophysoid dinosaurs. First mammals from small-sized cynodonts, which transitioned towards a nocturnal, insectivorous, and endothermic lifestyle.
205 Ma Massive Triassic/Jurassic extinction. Information technology wipes out all pseudosuchians except crocodylomorphs, who transitioned to an aquatic habitat, while dinosaurs took over the state and pterosaurs filled the air.
200 Ma First accepted show for viruses infecting eukaryotic cells (the group Geminiviridae).[69] However, viruses are still poorly understood and may have arisen before "life" itself, or may be a more recent phenomenon.

Major extinctions in terrestrial vertebrates and large amphibians. Earliest examples of armoured dinosaurs.

195 Ma First pterosaurs with specialized feeding (Dorygnathus). First sauropod dinosaurs. Diversification in small, ornithischian dinosaurs: heterodontosaurids, fabrosaurids, and scelidosaurids.
190 Ma Pliosauroids appear in the fossil record. First lepidopteran insects (Archaeolepis), hermit venereal, modernistic starfish, irregular echinoids, corbulid bivalves, and tubulipore bryozoans. Extensive evolution of sponge reefs.
176 Ma First Stegosaurian dinosaurs
170 Ma Earliest salamanders, newts, cryptoclidids, elasmosaurid plesiosaurs, and cladotherian mammals. Sauropod dinosaurs diversify.
165 Ma First rays and glycymeridid bivalves. First vampire squids.[70]
163 Ma Pterodactyloid pterosaurs first announced.[71]
161 Ma Ceratopsian dinosaurs announced in the fossil tape (Yinlong) and the oldest known eutherian mammal: Juramaia.
160 Ma Multituberculate mammals (genus Rugosodon) announced in eastern Red china.
155 Ma First blood-sucking insects (ceratopogonids), rudist bivalves, and cheilostome bryozoans. Archaeopteryx, a possible ancestor to the birds, appears in the fossil record, along with triconodontid and symmetrodont mammals. Diverseness in stegosaurian and theropod dinosaurs.
153 Ma First pine trees
140 Ma Orb-weaver spiders appear
135 Ma Rise of the angiosperms. Some of these flowering plants bear structures that attract insects and other animals to spread pollen; other angiosperms are pollinated by wind or water. This innovation causes a major burst of animal coevolution. Get-go freshwater pelomedusid turtles. Earliest krill.
120 Ma Oldest fossils of heterokonts, including both marine diatoms and silicoflagellates
115 Ma First monotreme mammals
114 Ma Earliest bees[72]
112 Ma Xiphactinus, a big predatory fish, appears in the fossil tape
110 Ma First hesperornithes, toothed diving birds. Earliest limopsid, verticordiid, and thyasirid bivalves.
106 Ma Spinosaurus, the largest theropod dinosaur, appears in the fossil record
95 Ma First crocodilians evolve
90 Ma Extinction of ichthyosaurs. Earliest snakes and nuculanid bivalves. Large diversification in angiosperms: magnoliids, rosids, hamamelidids, monocots, and ginger. Primeval examples of ticks. Likely origins of placental mammals (earliest undisputed fossil bear witness is 66 Ma).
80 Ma First ants
lxx Ma Multituberculate mammals increase in multifariousness. First yoldiid bivalves. First possible ungulates (Protungulatum).
68 Ma Tyrannosaurus, the largest terrestrial predator of western North America, appears in the fossil record. First species of Triceratops.

Cenozoic Era [edit]

66 Ma – present

Date Event
66 Ma The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event eradicates about half of all animal species, including mosasaurs, pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, ammonites, belemnites, rudist and inoceramid bivalves, almost planktic foraminifers, and all of the dinosaurs excluding the birds.[73]
66 Ma- Rapid dominance of conifers and ginkgos in high latitudes, along with mammals condign the dominant species. First psammobiid bivalves. Earliest rodents. Rapid diversification in ants.
63 Ma Development of the creodonts, an important group of meat-eating (carnivorous) mammals
62 Ma Evolution of the first penguins
60 Ma Diversification of large, flightless birds. Primeval true primates,[ who? ] along with the outset semelid bivalves, edentate, carnivoran and lipotyphlan mammals, and owls. The ancestors of the carnivorous mammals (miacids) were alive.[ citation needed ]
59 Ma Earliest sailfish appear
56 Ma Gastornis, a large flightless bird, appears in the fossil record
55 Ma Modern bird groups diversify (first song birds, parrots, loons, swifts, woodpeckers), starting time whale (Himalayacetus), primeval lagomorphs, armadillos, appearance of sirenian, proboscidean mammals in the fossil tape. Flowering plants go along to diversify. The ancestor (co-ordinate to theory) of the species in the genus Carcharodon, the early mako shark Isurus hastalis, is alive. Ungulates split into artiodactyla and perissodactyla, with some members of the old returning to the sea.
52 Ma Commencement bats appear (Onychonycteris)
50 Ma Elevation diverseness of dinoflagellates and nannofossils, increment in diverseness of anomalodesmatan and heteroconch bivalves, brontotheres, tapirs, rhinoceroses, and camels appear in the fossil record, diversification of primates
forty Ma Mod-type butterflies and moths appear. Extinction of Gastornis. Basilosaurus, one of the first of the giant whales, appeared in the fossil record.
38 Ma Earliest bears
37 Ma First nimravid ("imitation saber-toothed cats") carnivores — these species are unrelated to modern-type felines. Offset alligators and ruminants.
35 Ma Grasses diversify from among the monocot angiosperms; grasslands begin to expand. Slight increase in diverseness of cold-tolerant ostracods and foraminifers, along with major extinctions of gastropods, reptiles, amphibians, and multituberculate mammals. Many modernistic mammal groups begin to appear: first glyptodonts, basis sloths, canids, peccaries, and the first eagles and hawks. Variety in toothed and baleen whales.
33 Ma Evolution of the thylacinid marsupials (Badjcinus)
thirty Ma First balanids and eucalypts, extinction of embrithopod and brontothere mammals, earliest pigs and cats
28 Ma Paraceratherium appears in the fossil record, the largest terrestrial mammal that ever lived. First pelicans.
25 Ma Pelagornis sandersi appears in the fossil record, the largest flying bird that ever lived
25 Ma Starting time deer.
24 Ma First pinnipeds.
23 Ma Earliest ostriches, trees representative of most major groups of oaks take appeared past now[74]
20 Ma First giraffes, hyenas, and giant anteaters, increment in bird variety
17 Ma First birds of the genus Corvus (crows)
xv Ma Genus Mammut appears in the fossil record, start bovids and kangaroos, diversity in Australian megafauna
ten Ma Grasslands and savannas are established, diversity in insects, especially ants and termites, horses increase in trunk size and develop high-crowned teeth, major diversification in grassland mammals and snakes
9.5 Ma[ dubious – discuss ] Great American Interchange, where various state and freshwater faunas migrated between Due north and South America. Armadillos, opossums, hummingbirds Phorusrhacids, Basis Sloths, Glyptodonts, and Meridiungulates traveled to North America, while horses, tapirs, saber-toothed cats, jaguars, bears, coaties, ferrets, otters, skunks and deer entered South America.
9 Ma First platypuses
6.v Ma Get-go hominins (Sahelanthropus)
6 Ma Australopithecines diversify (Orrorin, Ardipithecus)
5 Ma Offset tree sloths and hippopotami, diversification of grazing herbivores like zebras and elephants, large cannibal mammals like lions and the genus Canis, burrowing rodents, kangaroos, birds, and pocket-sized carnivores, vultures increase in size, decrease in the number of perissodactyl mammals. Extinction of nimravid carnivores. First leopard seals.
four.8 Ma Mammoths appear in the fossil record
four.5 Ma Marine iguanas diverge from land iguanas
4 Ma Australopithecus evolves. Stupendemys appears in the fossil record every bit the largest freshwater turtle, first modern elephants, giraffes, zebras, lions, rhinoceros and gazelles appear in the fossil record
3.6 Ma Bluish whales abound to modern size
iii Ma Earliest swordfish
2.seven Ma Paranthropus evolves
2.5 Ma Earliest species of Smilodon evolve
2 Ma First members of genus Homo, Homo Habilis, appear in the fossil record. Diversification of conifers in high latitudes. The eventual ancestor of cattle, aurochs (Bos primigenus), evolves in Bharat.
1.7 Ma Australopithecines go extinct
1.2 Ma Evolution of Man antecessor. The concluding members of Paranthropus die out.
ane Ma Kickoff coyotes
800 Ka Short-faced bears (Arctodus simus) become abundant in North America
600 ka Evolution of Homo heidelbergensis
400 ka First polar bears
350 ka Evolution of Neanderthals
300 ka Gigantopithecus, a behemothic relative of the orangutan from Asia dies out
250 ka Anatomically modern humans appear in Africa.[75] [76] [77] Around 50 ka they start colonising the other continents, replacing Neanderthals in Europe and other hominins in Asia.
40 ka Last behemothic monitor lizards (Varanus priscus) die out
35-25 ka Extinction of Neanderthals. Domestication of dogs.
15 ka Last woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) are believed to have gone extinct
xi ka Short-faced bears vanish from North America, with the last giant ground sloths dying out. All Equidae become extinct in Northward America. Domestication of various ungulates.
x ka Holocene epoch starts[78] afterward the Last Glacial Maximum. Last mainland species of woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenus) die out, as does the last Smilodon species.
8 ka The Giant Lemur dies out
Historical extinctions [edit]

Date Event
6000 ya (c. 4000 BC) Final populations of American mastodon die off in places like Utah and Michigan.
4500 ya (c. 2500 BC) Last dwarf woolly mammoths vanish from Wrangel Island nigh Alaska.
c. 600 ya (c. 1400) The moa and its predator, Haast'south eagle, die out in New Zealand.
395 ya (1627) Last recorded wild aurochs dice out.
334 ya (1688) Dodo goes extinct.
254 ya (1768) Steller'southward bounding main cow goes extinct.
139 ya (1883) Quagga zebra goes extinct.
117 ya (1905) Wolves become extinct in Japan.
108 ya (1914) Martha, the last known passenger dove, dies.
86 ya (1936) Thylacine goes extinct in a Tasmanian zoo, the last member of the family unit Thylacinidae.
85 ya (1937) Terminal Bali tiger is shot.
lxx ya (1952) The Caribbean area monk seal goes extinct.[81]
fourteen ya (2008) Baiji, the Yangtze river dolphin, becomes functionally extinct on IUCN Red List.[82]
11 ya (2011) Western black rhino declared extinct.

See likewise [edit]

  • Development of fungi
  • Evolutionary history of plants (timeline)
  • Geologic time scale
  • History of the Earth
  • Natural history
  • Sociocultural evolution
  • Timeline of human evolution
  • Timeline of natural history

References [edit]

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Further reading [edit]

  • Dawkins, Richard (2004). The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN978-0-618-00583-3. LCCN 2004059864. OCLC 56617123.

External links [edit]

  • "Understanding Evolution: your 1-stop resource for data on evolution". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 2015-03-18 .
  • "Life on World". Tree of Life Web Project. University of Arizona. January 1, 1997. Retrieved 2015-03-18 . Explore complete phylogenetic tree interactively
  • Brandt, Niel. "Evolutionary and Geological Timelines". TalkOrigins Archive. Houston, TX: The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc. Retrieved 2015-03-xviii .
  • "Palaeos: Life Through Deep Time". Palaeos . Retrieved 2015-03-18 .
  • Kyrk, John. "Evolution" (SWF). Cell Biology Animation . Retrieved 2015-03-xviii . Interactive timeline from Big Bang to present
  • "Found Evolution". Plant and Animal Evolution. University of Waikato. Retrieved 2015-03-18 . Sequence of Constitute Evolution
  • "The History of Brute Evolution". Plant and Animal Evolution. University of Waikato. Retrieved 2015-03-eighteen . Sequence of Fauna Evolution
  • Yeo, Dannel; Drage, Thomas (2006). "History of Life on World". Archived from the original on 2015-03-15. Retrieved 2015-03-19 .
  • Exploring Time. The Science Channel. 2007. Retrieved 2015-03-19 .
  • Roberts, Ben. "Institute development timeline". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 2015-03-13. Retrieved 2015-03-19 .
  • Fine art of the Nature Timelines on Wikipedia

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_evolutionary_history_of_life

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