Emerging Issues in Climate Smart Livestock Production

Emerging Issues in Climate Smart Livestock Production

Chapter Thirteen - Role of biotechnology on fauna breeding and genetic comeback

Abstract

Genetic improvement of farm animals has been a prime concern over the years for researchers and creature breeders. A variety of biotechnologies have been adult and applied effectively in animal production for increasing efficiency in both dairy and meat production systems. The widespread use of such biotechnologies in animal production systems has resulted in a meaning effect on genetic progress (Van Vleck, 1981). Different aspects of genetic progress may be influenced by the type of biotechnology used, such every bit selection accuracy, generation interval, intensity of selection, and genetic variance. In the current scenario, biotechnologies are widely used in beast production to increase not only the number of animals to satisfy global need for beast products, simply also to better propagation and maintain current levels of biodiversity and genetic diversity for endangered species (Said et al., 2020). Biotechnologies can also aid to increase creature production in a multifariousness of ways, such equally increasing the charge per unit of reproduction of domestic animals, enhancing the quantity and quality of animal products, promoting growth and improving nutrient intake efficiency, and and then on. Some assisted reproductive technologies (Fine art) that affect the efficiency of male and female reproduction include artificial insemination (AI), multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), in vitro fertilization (IVF), ovum pick-upwardly (OPU), cloning, semen and embryos sexing, etc. These biotechnologies have a major impact on the broadcasting of superior germplasm and the intensity of selection. Animal breeding and genetic comeback accept been significantly influenced past the apply of reproductive biotechnologies such as AI and embryo transfer engineering science. Alternatively, a secondary negative effect is that these biotechnologies can decrease genetic variation by affecting genetic variability indirectly. Because without genetic variation, there will be no opportunity for genetic change in the population. Another gear up of biotechnologies that is associated with quantitative or economical trait loci (QTL/ETL), their detection and use can help in determining animal genetic merit. Their key feature is that they are available early in life, therefore allowing more accurate pick. At that place are some novel biotechnologies are being used such as genome engineering, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, recombinant Dna applied science, transgenesis, etc., which take high potential to transform DNA artificially to impact fauna breeding in the future. A brief overview of the reproductive technologies and their impact on beast breeding that leads to genetic comeback is described in this chapter.

Keywords

Genetic change

Biotechnology

QTL

ETL

MOET

Cited by (0)

Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.